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# CSS

Global CSS settings, fundamental HTML elements styled and enhanced with extensible classes, and an advanced grid system.

# Overview

Get the lowdown on the key pieces of Bootstrap's infrastructure, including our approach to better, faster, stronger web development.

### HTML5 doctype

Bootstrap makes use of certain HTML elements and CSS properties that require the use of the HTML5 doctype. Include it at the beginning of all your projects.

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
      ...
    </html>

### Mobile first

With Bootstrap 2, we added optional mobile friendly styles for key aspects of the framework. With Bootstrap 3, we've rewritten the project to be mobile friendly from the start. Instead of adding on optional mobile styles, they're baked right into the core. In fact, Bootstrap is mobile first. Mobile first styles can be found throughout the entire library instead of in separate files.

To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming, add the viewport meta tag to your `<head>`.

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

You can disable zooming capabilities on mobile devices by adding `user-scalable=no` to the viewport meta tag. This disables zooming, meaning users are only able to scroll, and results in your site feeling a bit more like a native application. Overall we don't recommend this on every site, so use caution!

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">

### Responsive images

Images in Bootstrap 3 can be made responsive-friendly via the addition of the `.img-responsive` class. This applies `max-width: 100%;` and `height: auto;` to the image so that it scales nicely to the parent element.

    <img src="..." class="img-responsive" alt="Responsive image">

### Typography and links

Bootstrap sets basic global display, typography, and link styles. Specifically, we:

- Remove `margin` on the body
- Set `background-color: white;` on the `body`
- Use the `@font-family-base`, `@font-size-base`, and `@line-height-base` attributes as our typographic base
- Set the global link color via `@link-color` and apply link underlines only on `:hover`

These styles can be found within `scaffolding.less`.

### Normalize

For improved cross-browser rendering, we use Normalize, a project by Nicolas Gallagher and Jonathan Neal.

### Containers

Easily center a page's contents by wrapping its contents in a `.container`. Containers set `max-width` at various media query breakpoints to match our grid system.

    <div class="container">
      ...
    </div>

# Grid system

Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns as the device or viewport size increases. It includes predefined classes for easy layout options, as well as powerful mixins for generating more semantic layouts.

### Media queries

We use the following media queries to create the key breakpoints in our grid system.

    /* Extra small devices (phones, up to 480px) */
    /* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */

    /* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */
    @media (min-width: @screen-sm) { ... }

    /* Medium devices (desktops, 992px and up) */
    @media (min-width: @screen-md) { ... }

    /* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */
    @media (min-width: @screen-lg) { ... }

We occasionally expand on these media queries to include a `max-width` to limit CSS to a narrower set of devices.

    @media (max-width: @screen-phone-max) { ... }
    @media (min-width: @screen-sm) and (max-width: @screen-sm-max) { ... }
    @media (min-width: @screen-md) and (max-width: @screen-md-max) { ... }
    @media (min-width: @screen-lg) { ... }

### Grid options

See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.

| Extra small devices Phones (<768px) | Small devices Tablets (≥768px) | Medium devices Desktops (≥992px) | Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Grid behavior | Horizontal at all times | Collapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints
Max container width | None (auto) | 750px | 970px | 1170px
Class prefix | `.col-xs-` | `.col-sm-` | `.col-md-` | `.col-lg-`
# of columns | 12
Max column width | Auto | 60px | 78px | 95px
Gutter width | 30px (15px on each side of a column)
Nestable | Yes
Offsets | N/A | Yes
Column ordering | N/A | Yes

### Example: Stacked-to-horizontal

Using a single set of `.col-md-*` grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices.

.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-1
.col-md-8
.col-md-4
.col-md-4
.col-md-4
.col-md-4
.col-md-6
.col-md-6

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
      <div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div>
      <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
      <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
      <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
      <div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
    </div>

### Example: Mobile and desktop

Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding `.col-xs-*` `.col-md-*` to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.

.col-xs-12 col-md-8
.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6
.col-xs-6

    <!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width -->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 col-md-8</div>
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
    </div>

    <!-- Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and bump up to 33.3% wide on desktop -->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
    </div>

    <!-- Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop -->
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
    </div>

### Example: Mobile, tablet, desktops

Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet `.col-sm-*` classes.

.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-6 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8</div>
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-6 .col-md-4</div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4</div>
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4</div>
      <!-- Optional: clear the XS cols if their content doesn't match in height -->
      <div class="clearfix visible-xs"></div>
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-md-4</div>
    </div>

### Responsive column resets

With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a `.clearfix` and our responsive utility classes.

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>

      <!-- Add the extra clearfix for only the required viewport -->
      <div class="clearfix visible-xs"></div>

      <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
      <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
    </div>

In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to reset offsets, pushes, or pulls. Those resets are available for medium and large grid tiers only, since they start only at the (second) small grid tier.

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-6">.col-sm-5 .col-md-6</div>
      <div class="col-sm-5 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-0">.col-sm-5 .col-sm-offset-2 .col-md-6 .col-md-offset-0</div>
    </div>

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6</div>
      <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-md-offset-2 col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-0">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-md-offset-2 .col-lg-6 .col-lg-offset-0</div>
    </div>

### Offsetting columns

Move columns to the right using `.col-md-offset-*` classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by `*` columns. For example, `.col-md-offset-4` moves `.col-md-4` over four columns.

.col-md-4
.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4
.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3
.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3
.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
      <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4</div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3</div>
      <div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3</div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3</div>
    </div>

### Nesting columns

To nest your content with the default grid, add a new `.row` and set of `.col-md-*` columns within an existing `.col-md-*` column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12.

Level 1: .col-md-9
Level 2: .col-md-6
Level 2: .col-md-6

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-9">
        Level 1: .col-md-9
        <div class="row">
          <div class="col-md-6">
            Level 2: .col-md-6
          </div>
          <div class="col-md-6">
            Level 2: .col-md-6
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

### Column ordering

Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with `.col-md-push-*` and `.col-md-pull-*` modifier classes.

.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3
.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-9 col-md-push-3">.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3</div>
      <div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9">.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9</div>
    </div>

### LESS mixins and variables

In addition to prebuilt grid classes for fast layouts, Bootstrap includes LESS variables and mixins for quickly generating your own simple, semantic layouts.

#### Variables

Variables determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below.

    @grid-columns:              12;
    @grid-gutter-width:         30px;
    @grid-float-breakpoint:     768px;

#### Mixins

Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns.

    // Creates a wrapper for a series of columns
    .make-row(@gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
      // Then clear the floated columns
      .clearfix();

      @media (min-width: @screen-small) {
        margin-left:  (@gutter / -2);
        margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
      }

      // Negative margin nested rows out to align the content of columns
      .row {
        margin-left:  (@gutter / -2);
        margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
      }
    }

    // Generate the extra small columns
    .make-xs-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
      position: relative;
      // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
      min-height: 1px;
      // Inner gutter via padding
      padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
      padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

      // Calculate width based on number of columns available
      @media (min-width: @grid-float-breakpoint) {
        float: left;
        width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }

    // Generate the small columns
    .make-sm-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
      position: relative;
      // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
      min-height: 1px;
      // Inner gutter via padding
      padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
      padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

      // Calculate width based on number of columns available
      @media (min-width: @screen-small) {
        float: left;
        width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }

    // Generate the small column offsets
    .make-sm-column-offset(@columns) {
      @media (min-width: @screen-small) {
        margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }
    .make-sm-column-push(@columns) {
      @media (min-width: @screen-small) {
        left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }
    .make-sm-column-pull(@columns) {
      @media (min-width: @screen-small) {
        right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }

    // Generate the medium columns
    .make-md-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
      position: relative;
      // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
      min-height: 1px;
      // Inner gutter via padding
      padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
      padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

      // Calculate width based on number of columns available
      @media (min-width: @screen-medium) {
        float: left;
        width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }

    // Generate the large column offsets
    .make-md-column-offset(@columns) {
      @media (min-width: @screen-medium) {
        margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }
    .make-md-column-push(@columns) {
      @media (min-width: @screen-medium) {
        left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }
    .make-md-column-pull(@columns) {
      @media (min-width: @screen-medium) {
        right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }

    // Generate the large columns
    .make-lg-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
      position: relative;
      // Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
      min-height: 1px;
      // Inner gutter via padding
      padding-left:  (@gutter / 2);
      padding-right: (@gutter / 2);

      // Calculate width based on number of columns available
      @media (min-width: @screen-large) {
        float: left;
        width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }

    // Generate the large column offsets
    .make-lg-column-offset(@columns) {
      @media (min-width: @screen-large) {
        margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }
    .make-lg-column-push(@columns) {
      @media (min-width: @screen-large) {
        left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }
    .make-lg-column-pull(@columns) {
      @media (min-width: @screen-large) {
        right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
      }
    }

#### Example usage

You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between.

    .wrapper {
      .make-row();
    }
    .content-main {
      .make-lg-column(8);
    }
    .content-secondary {
      .make-lg-column(3);
      .make-lg-column-offset(1);
    }

    <div class="wrapper">
      <div class="content-main">...</div>
      <div class="content-secondary">...</div>
    </div>

# Typography

## Headings

All HTML headings, `<h1>` through `<h6>` are available.

# h1. Bootstrap heading

Semibold 36px

## h2. Bootstrap heading

Semibold 30px

### h3. Bootstrap heading

Semibold 24px

#### h4. Bootstrap heading

Semibold 18px

##### h5. Bootstrap heading

Semibold 14px

###### h6. Bootstrap heading

Semibold 12px

    <h1>...</h1>
    <h2>...</h2>
    <h3>...</h3>
    <h4>...</h4>
    <h5>...</h5>
    <h6>...</h6>

## Body copy

Bootstrap's global default `font-size` is 14px, with a `line-height` of 1.428. This is applied to the `<body>` and all paragraphs. In addition, `<p>` (paragraphs) receive a bottom margin of half their computed line-height (10px by default).

Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.

Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.

Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.

    <p>...</p>

### Lead body copy

Make a paragraph stand out by adding `.lead`.

Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.

    <p class="lead">...</p>

### Built with Less

The typographic scale is based on two LESS variables in variables.less: `@font-size-base` and `@line-height-base`. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height. We use those variables and some simple math to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more. Customize them and Bootstrap adapts.

## Emphasis

Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.

### Small text

For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the `<small>` tag to set text at 85% the size of the parent. Heading elements receive their own `font-size` for nested `<small>` elements.

This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.

    <small>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.</small>

### Bold

For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.

The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text.

    <strong>rendered as bold text</strong>

### Italics

For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.

The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text.

    <em>rendered as italicized text</em>

#### Alternate elements

Feel free to use `<b>` and `<i>` in HTML5. `<b>` is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while `<i>` is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.

### Alignment classes

Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.

Left aligned text.

Center aligned text.

Right aligned text.

    <p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>
    <p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>
    <p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>

### Emphasis classes

Convey meaning through color with a handful of emphasis utility classes.

Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.

Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.

Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.

Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.

Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.

    <p class="text-muted">...</p>
    <p class="text-primary">...</p>
    <p class="text-success">...</p>
    <p class="text-info">...</p>
    <p class="text-warning">...</p>
    <p class="text-danger">...</p>

## Abbreviations

Stylized implementation of HTML's `<abbr>` element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a `title` attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover.

### Basic abbreviation

For expanded text on long hover of an abbreviation, include the `title` attribute with the `<abbr>` element.

An abbreviation of the word attribute is attr.

    <abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr>

### Initialism

Add `.initialism` to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.

HTML is the best thing since sliced bread.

    <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language" class="initialism">HTML</abbr>

## Addresses

Present contact information for the nearest ancestor or the entire body of work. Preserve formatting by ending all lines with `<br>`.

    <address>
      <strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
      795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600<br>
      San Francisco, CA 94107<br>
      <abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
    </address>

    <address>
      <strong>Full Name</strong><br>
      <a href="mailto:#">first.last@example.com</a>
    </address>

## Blockquotes

For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document.

### Default blockquote

Wrap `<blockquote>` around any HTML as the quote. For straight quotes, we recommend a `<p>`.

> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.

    <blockquote>
      <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
    </blockquote>

### Blockquote options

Style and content changes for simple variations on a standard `<blockquote>`.

#### Naming a source

Add `<small>` tag for identifying the source. Wrap the name of the source work in `<cite>`.

> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.

> Someone famous in Source Title

    <blockquote>
      <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
      <small>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></small>
    </blockquote>

#### Alternate displays

Use `.pull-right` for a floated, right-aligned blockquote.

> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.

> Someone famous in Source Title

    <blockquote class="pull-right">
      ...
    </blockquote>

## Lists

### Unordered

A list of items in which the order does not explicitly matter.

- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
- Consectetur adipiscing elit
- Integer molestie lorem at massa
- Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
- Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
  - Phasellus iaculis neque
  - Purus sodales ultricies
  - Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
  - Ac tristique libero volutpat at
- Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
- Aenean sit amet erat nunc
- Eget porttitor lorem

    <ul>
      <li>...</li>
    </ul>

### Ordered

A list of items in which the order does explicitly matter.

1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
2. Consectetur adipiscing elit
3. Integer molestie lorem at massa
4. Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
5. Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
6. Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
7. Aenean sit amet erat nunc
8. Eget porttitor lorem

    <ol>
      <li>...</li>
    </ol>

### Unstyled

Remove the default `list-style` and left margin on list items (immediate children only). This only applies to immediate children list items, meaning you will need to add the class for any nested lists as well.

- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
- Consectetur adipiscing elit
- Integer molestie lorem at massa
- Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
- Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
  - Phasellus iaculis neque
  - Purus sodales ultricies
  - Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
  - Ac tristique libero volutpat at
- Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
- Aenean sit amet erat nunc
- Eget porttitor lorem

    <ul class="list-unstyled">
      <li>...</li>
    </ul>

### Inline

Place all list items on a single line with `display: inline-block;` and some light padding.

- Lorem ipsum
- Phasellus iaculis
- Nulla volutpat

    <ul class="list-inline">
      <li>...</li>
    </ul>

### Description

A list of terms with their associated descriptions.

Description lists
  A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod
  Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
  Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta
  Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.

    <dl>
      <dt>...</dt>
      <dd>...</dd>
    </dl>

#### Horizontal description

Make terms and descriptions in `<dl>` line up side-by-side. Starts off stacked like default `<dl>`s, but when the navbar expands, so do these.

Description lists
  A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod
  Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
  Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta
  Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Felis euismod semper eget lacinia
  Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.

    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
      <dt>...</dt>
      <dd>...</dd>
    </dl>

#### Auto-truncating

Horizontal description lists will truncate terms that are too long to fit in the left column with `text-overflow`. In narrower viewports, they will change to the default stacked layout.

# Code

## Inline

Wrap inline snippets of code with `<code>`.

For example, `<section>` should be wrapped as inline.

    For example, <code>&lt;section&gt;</code> should be wrapped as inline.

## Basic block

Use `<pre>` for multiple lines of code. Be sure to escape any angle brackets in the code for proper rendering.

    <p>Sample text here...</p>

    <pre>&lt;p&gt;Sample text here...&lt;/p&gt;</pre>

You may optionally add the `.pre-scrollable` class, which will set a max-height of 350px and provide a y-axis scrollbar.

# Tables

## Basic example

For basic styling—light padding and only horizontal dividers—add the base class `.table` to any `<table>`. It may seem super redundant, but given the widespread use of tables for other plugins like calendars and date pickers, we've opted to isolate our custom table styles.

# | First Name | Last Name | Username
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat
3 | Larry | the Bird | @twitter

    <table class="table">
      ...
    </table>

## Striped rows

Use `.table-striped` to add zebra-striping to any table row within the `<tbody>`.

#### Cross-browser compatibility

Striped tables are styled via the `:nth-child` CSS selector, which is not available in Internet Explorer 8.

# | First Name | Last Name | Username
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat
3 | Larry | the Bird | @twitter

    <table class="table table-striped">
      ...
    </table>

## Bordered table

Add `.table-bordered` for borders on all sides of the table and cells.

# | First Name | Last Name | Username
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo
Mark | Otto | @TwBootstrap
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat
3 | Larry the Bird | @twitter

    <table class="table table-bordered">
      ...
    </table>

## Hover rows

Add `.table-hover` to enable a hover state on table rows within a `<tbody>`.

# | First Name | Last Name | Username
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat
3 | Larry the Bird | @twitter

    <table class="table table-hover">
      ...
    </table>

## Condensed table

Add `.table-condensed` to make tables more compact by cutting cell padding in half.

# | First Name | Last Name | Username
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat
3 | Larry the Bird | @twitter

    <table class="table table-condensed">
      ...
    </table>

## Contextual classes

Use contextual classes to color table rows or individual cells.

Class | Description
--- | ---
`.active` | Applies the hover color to a particular row or cell
`.success` | Indicates a successful or positive action
`.warning` | Indicates a warning that might need attention
`.danger` | Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action

# | Column heading | Column heading | Column heading
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Column content | Column content | Column content
2 | Column content | Column content | Column content
3 | Column content | Column content | Column content
4 | Column content | Column content | Column content
5 | Column content | Column content | Column content
6 | Column content | Column content | Column content
7 | Column content | Column content | Column content

    <!-- On rows -->
    <tr class="active">...</tr>
    <tr class="success">...</tr>
    <tr class="warning">...</tr>
    <tr class="danger">...</tr>

    <!-- On cells (`td` or `th`) -->
    <tr>
      <td class="active">...</td>
      <td class="success">...</td>
      <td class="warning">...</td>
      <td class="danger">...</td>
    </tr>

## Responsive tables

Create responsive tables by wrapping any `.table` in `.table-responsive` to make them scroll horizontally up to small devices (under 768px). When viewing on anything larger than 768px wide, you will not see any difference in these tables.

# | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell
2 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell
3 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell

# | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell
2 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell
3 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell

    <div class="table-responsive">
      <table class="table">
        ...
      </table>
    </div>

# Forms

## Basic example

Individual form controls automatically receive some global styling. All textual `<input>`, `<textarea>`, and `<select>` elements with `.form-control` are set to `width: 100%;` by default. Wrap labels and controls in `.form-group` for optimum spacing.

Email address
Password
File input

Example block-level help text here.

Check me out

    <form role="form">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
        <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Enter email">
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
        <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="exampleInputFile">File input</label>
        <input type="file" id="exampleInputFile">
        <p class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p>
      </div>
      <div class="checkbox">
        <label>
          <input type="checkbox"> Check me out
        </label>
      </div>
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
    </form>

## Inline form

Add `.form-inline` for left-aligned and inline-block controls for a compact layout.

#### Requires custom widths

Inputs, selects, and textareas are 100% wide by default in Bootstrap. To use the inline form, you'll have to set a width on the form controls used within.

#### Always add labels

Screen readers will have trouble with your forms if you don't include a label for every input. For these inline forms, you can hide the labels using the `.sr-only` class.

Email address
Password
Remember me

    <form class="form-inline" role="form">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputEmail2">Email address</label>
        <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2" placeholder="Enter email">
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputPassword2">Password</label>
        <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword2" placeholder="Password">
      </div>
      <div class="checkbox">
        <label>
          <input type="checkbox"> Remember me
        </label>
      </div>
      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
    </form>

## Horizontal form

Use Bootstrap's predefined grid classes to align labels and groups of form controls in a horizontal layout by adding `.form-horizontal` to the form. Doing so changes `.form-group`s to behave as grid rows, so no need for `.row`.

Email
Password
Remember me

    <form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="inputEmail1" class="col-lg-2 control-label">Email</label>
        <div class="col-lg-10">
          <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail1" placeholder="Email">
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="inputPassword1" class="col-lg-2 control-label">Password</label>
        <div class="col-lg-10">
          <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-lg-offset-2 col-lg-10">
          <div class="checkbox">
            <label>
              <input type="checkbox"> Remember me
            </label>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-lg-offset-2 col-lg-10">
          <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </form>

## Supported controls

Examples of standard form controls supported in an example form layout.

### Inputs

Most common form control, text-based input fields. Includes support for all HTML5 types: `text`, `password`, `datetime`, `datetime-local`, `date`, `month`, `time`, `week`, `number`, `email`, `url`, `search`, `tel`, and `color`.

#### Type declaration required

Inputs will only be fully styled if their `type` is properly declared.

    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Text input">

### Textarea

Form control which supports multiple lines of text. Change `rows` attribute as necessary.

    <textarea class="form-control" rows="3"></textarea>

### Checkboxes and radios

Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list while radios are for selecting one option from many.

#### Default (stacked)

Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great
Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great
Option two can be something else and selecting it will deselect option one

    <div class="checkbox">
      <label>
        <input type="checkbox" value="">
        Option one is this and that&mdash;be sure to include why it's great
      </label>
    </div>

    <div class="radio">
      <label>
        <input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios1" value="option1" checked>
        Option one is this and that&mdash;be sure to include why it's great
      </label>
    </div>
    <div class="radio">
      <label>
        <input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios2" value="option2">
        Option two can be something else and selecting it will deselect option one
      </label>
    </div>

#### Inline checkboxes

Use `.checkbox-inline` or `.radio-inline` class to a series of checkboxes or radios for controls appear on the same line.

1 2 3

    <label class="checkbox-inline">
      <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox1" value="option1"> 1
    </label>
    <label class="checkbox-inline">
      <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox2" value="option2"> 2
    </label>
    <label class="checkbox-inline">
      <input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox3" value="option3"> 3
    </label>

### Selects

Use the default option, or add `multiple` to show multiple options at once.

    <select class="form-control">
      <option>1</option>
      <option>2</option>
      <option>3</option>
      <option>4</option>
      <option>5</option>
    </select>

    <select multiple class="form-control">
      <option>1</option>
      <option>2</option>
      <option>3</option>
      <option>4</option>
      <option>5</option>
    </select>

## Static control

When you need to place plain text next to a form label within a horizontal form, use the `.form-control-static` class on a `<p>`.

Email

email@example.com

Password

    <form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
      <div class="form-group">
        <label class="col-lg-2 control-label">Email</label>
        <div class="col-lg-10">
          <p class="form-control-static">email@example.com</p>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="form-group">
        <label for="inputPassword" class="col-lg-2 control-label">Password</label>
        <div class="col-lg-10">
          <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password">
        </div>
      </div>
    </form>

## Form states

Provide feedback to users or visitors with basic feedback states on form controls and labels.

### Input focus

We remove the default `outline` styles on some form controls and apply a `box-shadow` in its place for `:focus`.

    <input class="form-control" id="focusedInput" type="text" value="This is focused...">

### Disabled inputs

Add the `disabled` attribute on an input to prevent user input and trigger a slightly different look.

    <input class="form-control" id="disabledInput" type="text" placeholder="Disabled input here..." disabled>

### Disabled fieldsets

Add the `disabled` attribute to a `<fieldset>` to disable all the controls within the `<fieldset>` at once.

#### Link functionality of `<a>` not impacted

This class will only change the appearance of `<a class="btn btn-default">` buttons, not their functionality. Use custom JavaScript to disable links here.

#### Cross-browser compatibility

While Bootstrap will apply these styles in all browsers, Internet Explorer 9 and below don't actually support the `disabled` attribute on a `<fieldset>`. Use custom JavaScript to disable the fieldset in these browsers.

Disabled input
Disabled select menu
Can't check this

    <form class="form-inline" role="form">
      <fieldset disabled>
        <div class="form-group">
          <label for="disabledTextInput">Disabled input</label>
          <input type="text" id="disabledTextInput" class="form-control" placeholder="Disabled input">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
          <label for="disabledSelect">Disabled select menu</label>
          <select id="disabledSelect" class="form-control">
            <option>Disabled select</option>
          </select>
        </div>
        <div class="checkbox">
          <label>
            <input type="checkbox"> Can't check this
          </label>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
      </fieldset>
    </form>

### Validation states

Bootstrap includes validation styles for error, warning, and success states on form controls. To use, add `.has-warning`, `.has-error`, or `.has-success` to the parent element. Any `.control-label`, `.form-control`, and `.help-block` within that element will receive the validation styles.

Input with success
Input with warning
Input with error

    <div class="form-group has-success">
      <label class="control-label" for="inputSuccess">Input with success</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputSuccess">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group has-warning">
      <label class="control-label" for="inputWarning">Input with warning</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputWarning">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group has-error">
      <label class="control-label" for="inputError">Input with error</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputError">
    </div>

## Control sizing

Set heights using classes like `.input-lg`, and set widths using grid column classes like `.col-lg-*`.

### Height sizing

Create larger or smaller form controls that match button sizes.

    <input class="form-control input-lg" type="text" placeholder=".input-lg">
    <input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Default input">
    <input class="form-control input-sm" type="text" placeholder=".input-sm">

    <select class="form-control input-lg">...</select>
    <select class="form-control">...</select>
    <select class="form-control input-sm">...</select>

### Column sizing

Wrap inputs in grid columns, or any custom parent element, to easily enforce desired widths.

    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-lg-2">
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-lg-2">
      </div>
      <div class="col-lg-3">
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-lg-3">
      </div>
      <div class="col-lg-4">
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-lg-4">
      </div>
    </div>

## Help text

Block level help text for form controls.

A block of help text that breaks onto a new line and may extend beyond one line.

    <span class="help-block">A block of help text that breaks onto a new line and may extend beyond one line.</span>

# Buttons

## Options

Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.

    <!-- Standard gray button with gradient -->
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default</button>

    <!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons -->
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>

    <!-- Indicates a successful or positive action -->
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button>

    <!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages -->
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>

    <!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action -->
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button>

    <!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action -->
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button>

    <!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior -->
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>

## Sizes

Fancy larger or smaller buttons? Add `.btn-lg`, `.btn-sm`, or `.btn-xs` for additional sizes.

    <p>
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">Large button</button>
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">Large button</button>
    </p>
    <p>
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Default button</button>
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default button</button>
    </p>
    <p>
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Small button</button>
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">Small button</button>
    </p>
    <p>
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs">Extra small button</button>
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs">Extra small button</button>
    </p>

Create block level buttons—those that span the full width of a parent— by adding `.btn-block`.

    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>

## Disabled state

Make buttons look unclickable by fading them back 50%.

### Button element

Add the `disabled` attribute to `<button>` buttons.

    <button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary" disabled="disabled">Primary button</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg" disabled="disabled">Button</button>

#### Cross-browser compatibility

If you add the `disabled` attribute to a `<button>`, Internet Explorer 9 and below will render text gray with a nasty text-shadow that we cannot fix.

### Anchor element

Add the `.disabled` class to `<a>` buttons.

Primary link Link

    <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg disabled">Primary link</a>
    <a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-lg disabled">Link</a>

We use `.disabled` as a utility class here, similar to the common `.active` class, so no prefix is required.

#### Link functionality not impacted

This class will only change the `<a>`'s appearance, not its functionality. Use custom JavaScript to disable links here.

## Button tags

Use the button classes on an `<a>`, `<button>`, or `<input>` element.

Link

    <a class="btn btn-default" href="#">Link</a>
    <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
    <input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
    <input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">

#### Cross-browser rendering

As a best practice, we highly recommend using the `<button>` element whenever possible to ensure matching cross-browser rendering.

Among other things, there's a Firefox bug that prevents us from setting the `line-height` of `<input>`-based buttons, causing them to not exactly match the height of other buttons on Firefox.

# Images

Add classes to an `<img>` element to easily style images in any project.

#### Cross-browser compatibility

Keep in mind that Internet Explorer 8 lacks support for rounded corners.

    <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">
    <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle">
    <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">

#### Responsive images

Looking for how to make images more responsive? Check out the responsive images section up top.

# Helper classes

### Close icon

Use the generic close icon for dismissing content like modals and alerts.

    <button type="button" class="close" aria-hidden="true">&times;</button>

### .pull-left

Float an element left with a class. Can also be used as a mixin.

    <div class="pull-left">...</div>

    .pull-left {
      float: left !important;
    }

### .pull-right

Float an element right with a class. Can also be used as a mixin.

    <div class="pull-right">...</div>

    .pull-right {
      float: right !important;
    }

### .clearfix

Clear the `float` on any element. Utilizes the micro clearfix as popularized by Nicolas Gallagher. Can also be used as a mixin.

    <div class="clearfix">...</div>

    // Mixin
    .clearfix() {
      &:before,
      &:after {
        content: " ";
        display: table;
      }
      &:after {
        clear: both;
      }
    }

    // Usage
    .element {
      .clearfix();
    }

### .sr-only

Hide an element to all users except screen readers. Necessary for following accessibility best practices.

    <a class="sr-only" href="#content">Skip to content</a>

# Responsive utilities

For faster mobile-friendly development, use these utility classes for showing and hiding content by device via media query. Also included are utility classes for toggling content when printed.

Try to use these on a limited basis and avoid creating entirely different versions of the same site. Instead, use them to complement each device's presentation. Responsive utilities are currently only available for block and table toggling. Use with inline and table elements is currently not supported.

## Available classes

Use a single or combination of the available classes for toggling content across viewport breakpoints.

| Extra small devices Phones (<768px) | Small devices Tablets (≥768px) | Medium devices Desktops (≥992px) | Large devices Desktops (≥1200px)
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
`.visible-xs` | Visible | Hidden | Hidden | Hidden
`.visible-sm` | Hidden | Visible | Hidden | Hidden
`.visible-md` | Hidden | Hidden | Visible | Hidden
`.visible-lg` | Hidden | Hidden | Hidden | Visible
`.hidden-xs` | Hidden | Visible | Visible | Visible
`.hidden-sm` | Visible | Hidden | Visible | Visible
`.hidden-md` | Visible | Visible | Hidden | Visible
`.hidden-lg` | Visible | Visible | Visible | Hidden

## Print classes

Similar to the regular responsive classes, use these for toggling content for print.

Class | Browser | Print
--- | --- | ---
`.visible-print` | Hidden | Visible
`.hidden-print` | Visible | Hidden

## Test cases

Resize your browser or load on different devices to test the responsive utility classes.

### Visible on...

Green checkmarks indicate the element is visible in your current viewport.

Extra small ✔ Visible on x-small
Small ✔ Visible on small
Medium ✔ Visible on medium
Large ✔ Visible on large
Extra small and small ✔ Visible on x-small and small
Medium and large ✔ Visible on medium and large
Extra small and medium ✔ Visible on x-small and medium
Small and large ✔ Visible on small and large
Extra small and large ✔ Visible on x-small and large
Small and medium ✔ Visible on small and medium

### Hidden on...

Here, green checkmarks indicate the element is hidden in your current viewport.

Extra small ✔ Hidden on x-small
Small ✔ Hidden on small
Medium ✔ Hidden on medium
Large ✔ Hidden on large
Extra small and small ✔ Hidden on x-small and small
Medium and large ✔ Hidden on medium and large
Extra small and medium ✔ Hidden on x-small and medium
Small and large ✔ Hidden on small and large
Extra small and large ✔ Hidden on x-small and large
Small and medium ✔ Hidden on small and medium